· Geographic
Information Systems (GIS) GIS are automated
systems used to capture, edit, store, manipulate, analyze
and display a variety of spatial data. A GIS has three major
components: a database, a spatial analysis and modeling
capability, and a means for graphic display.
· Remote Sensing Remote sensing
refers to the observation and collection of data without
the sensor being in physical contact with the object being
studied, such as the study of the Earth from distant vantage
points, via satellite or aircraft.
· Surveying & GPS A surveyor is
a professional person with the academic qualifications and
technical expertise to conduct one or more of the following
activities: to determine, measure and represent land, three-dimensional
objects, point-fields and trajectories; to assemble and
interpret land and geographically related information; to
use that information for the planning and efficient administration
of the land, the sea and any structures thereon; and, to
conduct research into the above practices and to develop
them. [FIG, International Federation of Surveyors] Global
Positioning Systems (GPS) is a geospatial technology
that enables a portable hand-held device to provide a precise
location almost anywhere on the earth by processing signals
with a constellation of satellites.
· Mapping & Cartography Cartography
is concerned with all aspects of the mapping process.
It has artistic, scientific and technical dimensions. It
includes the gathering, storage, retrieval, evaluation,
and visualization of geographic information. It also includes
the abstraction or generalization of data to suit the mapping
scale, purpose and audience.
· Computer Aided Design (CAD) CAD
is a computer-based system to support technically precise
object and layout designs, such as architecture and engineering
design applications of structures and other man-made facilities.
· 3-D Imaging
& Other Visualization Tools 3-D imaging
and other visualization tools provide the ability
to display geospatial and other data in a computer enironment
that permits interactive examination and analysis of parameters,
real-time display of monitoring information, simulations
and other advanced technology.
· Information Technology (IT) The IT industry
includes such products and services as software, telecommunications,
wireless, Internet, hardware, peripherals, and computer
and data services.
